Give examples to show the following properties of whole numbers
a. Closure with respect to addition and multiplication
b

1 thought on “Give examples to show the following properties of whole numbers<br />a. Closure with respect to addition and multiplication<br />b”

1. Answer:

   Closure property

   Addition

   Take any two whole numbers and add them. Observe the sum carefully.

   4 + 5 = 9 (whole number)

   8 + 4 = 12 (whole number)

   90 + 0 = 90 (whole number)

   It is clear from the above examples that sum of any two whole numbers results in whole number. Therefore, we can say that sum of any two whole numbers is a whole number or the collection of whole numbers is closed under addition. This property is known as the closure property for addition of whole numbers.

   Multiplication

   Multiply any two whole numbers and observe the product.

   7 x 8 = 56 (whole number)

   5 x 6 = 30 (whole number)

   0 x 15 = 0 (whole number)

   From the above example we can conclude that multiplication of two whole numbers is also found to be a whole number. Therefore, it is clear that the system of whole numbers is closed under multiplication.

   Subtraction

   Now subtract any two whole numbers and observe the difference.

   5 – 3 = 2 (whole number)

   6 – 9 = -3 (not a whole number)

   7 – 2 = 5 (whole number)

   Here, we see that difference in all the case is not a whole number.

   Therefore, we can say that that whole numbers are not closed under subtraction.

   Division

   Divide any two whole numbers and observe the quotient.

   8 ÷ 2 = 4 (whole number)

   2 ÷ 4 = ½ (not a whole number)

   9 ÷ 3 = 3 (whole number)

   In the above examples, quotient is not a whole number in all the 3 case.

   Therefore, whole numbers are not closed under division

   Commutative property

   Addition

   Example: 5 + 4 = 9

   And 4 + 5 = 9

   Therefore, 5 + 4 = 4 + 5

   This shows that we can add whole numbers in any order.

   Therefore, according commutative property for addition the sum of two whole numbers is the same, no matter in which order they are added.

   Multiplication

   Example: 5 x 4 = 20

   And 4 x 5 = 20

   Therefore, 5 x 4 = 4 x 5

   This shows that we can multiply whole numbers in any order.

   Commutative property for multiplication states that the product of two whole numbers is the same, no matter in which order they are multiplied.

   Subtraction

   Example: 7 – 5 = 2

   And 5 – 7 = -2

   Therefore, 7 – 5 ≠ 5 – 7

   Hence, Subtraction is not commutative.

   Division

   Example: 6 ÷ 2 = 3

   And 2 ÷ 6 = 1/3

   Therefore, 6 ÷ 2 ≠ 2 ÷ 6

   Hence, Division is not commutative.

   Associative property

   Addition

   Example: (1 + 2) + 3 = 3 + 3 = 6

   And 1 + (2 + 3) = 1 + 5 = 6

   Therefore, (1 + 2) + 3 = 1 + (2 + 3)

   This shows that result are same even if we change the grouping of numbers. So, while adding whole numbers, we can group them in any order. This is called the associative property of addition.

   Multiplication

   Example: (2 x 3) x 4 = 6 x 4 = 24

   And 2 x (3 x 4) = 2 x 12 = 24

   Therefore, (2 x 3) x 4 = 2 x (3 x 4)

   This shows that result are same even if we change the grouping of numbers. So, while multiplying whole numbers, we can group them in any order. This is called the associative property of multiplication.

   Subtraction

   Example: (5 – 3) – 2 = 2 – 2 = 0

   And 5 – (3 – 2) = 5 – 1 = 4

   Therefore, (5 – 3) – 2 ≠ 5 – (3 – 2)

   This shows that result are not same if we regroup the numbers except in certain cases.

   Example: (3 – 2) – 0 = 1 – 0 = 1

   And 3 – (2 – 0) = 3 – 2 = 1

   Therefore, (3 – 2) – 0 = 3 – (2 – 0)

   Hence, subtraction doesn’t follow the associative property except in few cases.

   Division

   Example: (12 ÷ 3) ÷ 2 = 4 ÷ 2 = 2

   And 12 ÷ (3 ÷ 2) = 12 ÷ 1.5 = 8

   Therefore, (12 ÷ 3) ÷ 2 ≠ (12 ÷ 3) ÷ 2

   This shows that result are not same if we regroup the numbers except in certain cases.

   Example: (6 ÷ 3) ÷ 1 = 2 ÷ 1 = 2

   And 6 ÷ (3 ÷ 1) = 6 ÷ 3 = 2

   Hence, division doesn’t follow the associative property except in few cases.

   Distributive property

   Distributive of multiplication over addition

   Example 1: 15 (8 + 2)

   = 15 x 10 = 150

   Example 2: 290 x 105

   To make this multiplication easy, we break 105 into 100 + 5 and then we will use distributive property.

   = 290 (100 + 5)

   = (290 x 100) + (290 x 5)

   = 29000 + 1450

   = 30450

   Distributive of multiplication over subtraction

   Example 1: 20 (12 – 2)

   = 20 x 10 = 200

   Example 2: 200 x 98

   To make this multiplication easy, we write 98 as 100 – 2 and then we will use distributive property.

   = 200 (100 – 2)

   = (200 x 100) – (200 x 2)

   = 20000 – 400

   = 19600

   Additive Identity

   When we add ’0’ to any whole number, we get the same whole number again. Thus, Zero is called an identity for addition of whole numbers or additive identity for whole numbers.

   Example 1: 5 + 0 = 5

   Example 2: 0 + 5 = 5

   Multiplication Property of Zero

   Zero plays a special role in multiplication too i.e. any number when multiplied by zero becomes zero.

   Example: 450 x 0 = 0

   Multiplicative Identity

   The multiplicative identity property states that any time we multiply a number by 1, product, is the original number.

   Example: 9 x 1 = 9

   7 x 1 = 7

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